Named after a pair of psychologists who described it in a classic 1999 paper, the Dunning-Kruger effect describes a common dynamic most of us have observed in everyday life. People who know the least about a subject tend to be the most confident about their knowledge. True experts, who understand the complexity of a topic, are more cautious and humble.
The Dunning-Kruger effect has become a popular way to dunk on ignorant loudmouths online. But that wasn't the main message the psychologists who lent the effect its name wanted people to take away from their work. Instead, they see the Dunning-Kruger effect as a warning not to get too cocky. You probably understand less than you think you do.
That is good advice in any era, but it might need a little updating for the age of AI. According to a new study, even AI experts seriously overestimate their skills using the tech. It's a phenomenon the researchers have dubbed the "reverse Dunning-Kruger effect."
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